Dashain is the longest and most important festival in the Nepali calendar. It lasts 15 days and celebrates the victory of good over evil.
During this time, families unite, exchange blessings, and honor the goddess Durga. Dashain typically occurs in September or October, aligning with the lunar Bikram Sambat calendar.
Dashain is more than just a festival—it's a cultural celebration that transcends religious boundaries and brings people together. It's a time for unity, spirituality, and social harmony. Its significance has grown beyond Nepal. Hindus in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh also celebrate Dashain.
Religious History of Dashain Festival
The exact origins of Dashain remain shrouded in mystery, with several legends circulating.
Here are two of the most prominent stories.
1. Goddess Durga
One of the oldest legends associated with Dashain centers around Durga, a mythical figure mentioned in the Vedas, including the Rigveda. Etymologically, 'Dur' means 'remote/difficult' and 'ga' means 'pass-through.' Combined, 'Durga' signifies 'the inaccessible' or 'the invincible.
While Durga is primarily associated with Dashain, other deities, particularly Laxmi, are also involved. Manuscripts dating back to the 14th century provide guidelines on how to perform Durga puja. Interestingly, the names and contexts vary while Durga is mentioned in the Mahabharata and Ramayana.
Dashain commemorates Goddess Durga's victory over the demon Mahishasura, the son of Mahisi (Buffalo) and a descendant of sage Kashyap. Their epic battle lasted ten days, leading to Durga's victory, earning her the Mahishasuramardini, meaning 'The Killer of Mahishasura'.
2. King Rama
Another notable story associated with Dashain is mentioned in the Ramayana. In Treta Yug, Rama considered an avatar of Lord Vishnu, defeated Ravana, who had abducted his wife, Sita. Rama is believed to have invoked the blessings of Durga during this war, ultimately triumphing over Dashami.
Today, Hindus continue the tradition of erecting and burning statues of Ravana and other demons to commemorate this sacred day.
Importance of Dashain in Nepalese Culture
Dashain celebrates the triumph of good over evil and fosters a sense of togetherness, allowing people to enjoy life's pleasures.
We believe that when people visit temples and perform rituals, they acknowledge a benevolent divine force that watches over humanity and promotes a harmonious society—enabling us to reflect on the spiritual aspects of life.
Dashain ends with elders placing a tika on the foreheads of younger individuals. This tradition reminds the younger generation to respect their elders and uphold the Dashain traditions for future generations.
Dashain transcends social, economic, and caste boundaries, bringing together people from all walks of life. This celebration fosters social harmony and unity within communities.
Dashain provides a valuable opportunity for cultural exchange. Visitors can witness and participate in the festivities, gaining a deeper appreciation for Nepalese culture.
Important Days during Dashain Festival in Nepal
Dashain is celebrated for fifteen days, with the tenth day being the most significant.
First Day: Ghatasthapana
Dashain begins with Ghatasthapana, which involves placing a Kalasha (a traditional pot) symbolizing Goddess Durga. On this day, Jamara (seedlings) are planted indoors. Barley, maize, paddy, and other seeds are commonly used. The Jamara is worshipped for nine days and used in rituals on the tenth day.
7th Day: Phulpati
Phulpati, meaning 'flower and plants,' is celebrated on the seventh day of Dashain. Devotees worship Durga by offering nine different types of flowers and plants, seeking blessings for health and prosperity. Nationally, the Dashainghar in Hanuman Dhoka, Kathmandu, receives Fulpati from Nuwakot. The Nepali army organizes a special parade for VIP delegates.
8th Day: Maha Asthami
The eighth day of Dashain, known as Maha Ashtami, is traditionally associated with animal sacrifices to appease the bloodthirsty goddess Kali. Buffaloes, goats, hens, and ducks are commonly offered.
Animal sacrifices are also performed at Kathmandu Durbar Square and the Nepal Presidential Palace. Later in the day, a grand feast takes place. The Newar ethnic group observes 'Khadka Puja' on this day, worshipping their weapons.
9th Day: Maha Navani
Maha Navami, the final day of Navaratri, is traditionally marked by extensive animal sacrifices. The Nepal Armed Forces perform animal sacrifices and a 21-gun salute. Artisans, traders, and mechanics also offer animal sacrifices while worshipping their tools, equipment, and vehicles. Notably, the Taleju Temple in Hanuman Dhoka, usually closed to the public, opens its doors for worship on this day.
10th Day: Vijaya Dashami
Vijaya Dashami, the tenth and most significant day of Dashain, culminates with the ritual of tika, where elders place a mixture of vermilion, curd, and rice on the foreheads of younger individuals. The Jamara, presented during Phulpati, is also placed on the recipients' heads. Elders also give small amounts of money, such as Dakshina, which is a blessing to the younger ones. The tika is offered for five more days until the full moon day.
15th Day: Kojagrat Purnima
Kojagrat, meaning 'who is awake,' is dedicated to worshipping Goddess Laxmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity. Hindus believe that on this night, Laxmi descends to Earth to bestow wealth upon those who remain awake.
How do Nepalese Celebrate the Dashain?
Dashain is a colorful festival with many traditions. Here are ten ways people celebrate.
1. Family Reunions
Dashain brings families together, often from far-flung places. It's a time for bonding and togetherness with a family member, which is especially important for Nepalis working abroad.
2. Flying Kites
Kite flying is a popular tradition during the season. People of all ages enjoy flying colorful kites, and competitions are held among kite flyers. Hindus believe that flying kites sends a message to the rain god, asking him to stop raining.
3. Swings (Ping)
Swings are common in many public places, and people, especially children, love to swing on them. They symbolize fun and celebration. You'll find traditional swings made of bamboo and ropes, as well as modern swings in cities.
4. New Clothes and Gifts
People wear new clothes during Dashain and exchange gifts, symbolizing renewed relationships. Children especially enjoy their new clothes. This tradition may have started when clothes were less affordable.
5. Tika and Jamara
Elders bless the young by applying Tika, a mixture of yogurt, rice, and vermilion, and placing Jamara, barley grass, on their foreheads. This symbolizes protection and good fortune.
6. Animal Sacrifice
During Dashain, families across Nepal celebrate with feasts and rituals, sometimes sacrificing a combined total of 54 buffaloes, goats, hens, and ducks as part of the festival's traditions. While this practice is a complex and evolving aspect of the holiday, it remains a part of how some families observe Dashain. Animal sacrifices, such as goats, buffaloes, or chickens, are offered to honor Goddess Durga. The meat is then shared with family and friends. Vegetarians can offer vegetables as a symbol of their devotion.
7. Card Games and Gambling
Gambling, though illegal, is a common practice during Dashain. People enjoy friendly competitions and games, such as cards, kauda, and Langur Burja.
8. Visiting Temples and Shrines
During Dashain, most people visit temples and shrines to pay their respects to Goddess Durga and seek her blessings. Nepal is home to thousands of temples, particularly in the Kathmandu Valley.
9. Music and Dance
Festive music and traditional dances fill the air in many communities, creating a lively atmosphere. This is a time for cultural expression and entertainment. You'll hear special celebratory tunes throughout Nepal during Dashain.
10. Feasting
No festival is complete without delicious food. Dashain is a time to indulge in Nepali cuisine. Families prepare elaborate feasts featuring dishes like sel roti, mutton curry, and sweets.
Famous Auspicious Dashain Tune
Malshree Dhun, a 17th-century Newari devotional melody based on classical ragas and taals, heralds the arrival of Dashain, Nepal's largest festival. This traditional music, originally from the Kathmandu Valley, has become integral to Nepali culture and is now synonymous with Dashain celebrations.
Travel with Places Nepal during the Dashain Festival
Dashain, one of Nepal's most important festivals, offers a unique opportunity to create lasting memories while exploring the country's stunning landscapes. Places Nepal Trek and Tour offers trekking packages during this time. Dashain coincides with autumn, ensuring clear skies, breathtaking mountain views, and pleasant weather.
The experienced local guides at Places Nepal understand the importance of Dashain and can arrange for you to participate in traditional rituals, like receiving tika and Jamara blessings from local families.
In major cities, the streets are adorned with vibrant decorations and lights. Whether you trek in the Annapurna or Everest region or explore the cultural heritage of the Kathmandu Valley, Places Nepal guarantees a well-organized and comfortable journey.
Whether trekking to iconic destinations like Everest Base Camp or Annapurna Base Camp or exploring cultural sites in Kathmandu, Places Nepal ensures a culturally immersive Dashain experience. You'll have the opportunity to celebrate Dashain while creating unforgettable memories amidst Nepal's diverse landscapes and culture.
Want to experience Nepal's stunning landscapes and vibrant Dashain festivities? Book a trek with us, and we'll ensure a fabulous Dashain adventure.
Best Holiday Destinations During Dashain Festive Season
Nepal offers a plethora of destinations where you can immerse yourself in the vibrant festivities of Dashain.
1. Kathmandu UNESCO World Heritage Sites
If you visit Nepal during Dashain, the Kathmandu World Heritage sites are a must-see. Immerse yourself in Nepal's rich history and culture by exploring iconic landmarks like the Monkey Temple (Swayambhunath), the sacred Pashupatinath Temple, Kathmandu Durbar Square, Boudhanath Stupa, Patan Durbar Square, Bhaktapur Durbar Square, and Changunarayan Temple.
Witness Dashain festivities up close in the Kathmandu Valley add a special touch. Experience captivating rituals and savor delicious traditional meals.
It's a unique opportunity to experience the vibrant culture of the Kathmandu Valley during Dashain. With a 5-day visit, you'll gain a deep understanding of why Dashain is Nepal's biggest festival.
2. Annapurna Base Camp
During the autumn Dashain festival, the Annapurna Base Camp trek offers a breathtaking experience.
The Annapurna Base Camp trek during Dashain offers a diverse landscape and a glimpse into the vibrant highland culture. Be prepared for varying weather conditions and enjoy stunning views of the Annapurna range, Macchapuchhre, Hiunchuli, and Dhaulagiri.
At Annapurna Base Camp, witness the breathtaking sunrise over the Annapurna range, a truly awe-inspiring gift from Mother Nature. It's not just a trek; it's an unforgettable Dashain experience!
3. Everest Base Camp
The Everest Base Camp Trek during Dashain offers a unique and rewarding experience. Imagine trekking through the majestic Himalayas during this auspicious time, enjoying pleasant weather and elevated spirits. The magnificent mountains stand tall, reflecting the festive atmosphere that surrounds the trekkers.
Along the way, Sherpa villages are brimming with festive energy. Colorful decorations brighten every corner, and lively celebrations fill the air. Trekkers are warmly welcomed, treated to delicious local food, and immersed in the customs.
It's more than a trek – it's a transformative cultural exploration. Every step towards Everest Base Camp creates lasting memories while experiencing Dashain amidst the breathtaking Himalayan landscape.
4. Ghorepani Poon Hill
Another reason to visit Nepal during Dashain is the magical Ghorepani Poon Hill trek. As the festive spirit fills the air, trekkers ascend through lush rhododendron forests and traditional villages. You'll experience the vibrant Dashain celebrations of local communities along the way.
At sunrise, Poon Hill reveals its breathtaking panorama of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri mountain ranges. This trek combines nature's beauty with cultural richness, offering a memorable way to celebrate Dashain in the Himalayas.
5. Manaslu Circuit Trek
The Manaslu Circuit Trek during Dashain offers a unique and rewarding off-the-beaten-path experience. Amidst the joy of the festive season, trekkers can explore this unspoiled valley characterized by lush forests, terraced fields, and quaint villages.
During Dashain, the local communities come alive with colorful celebrations, immersing trekkers in the region's unique cultural traditions. As you ascend the valleys, be rewarded with breathtaking views of snow-capped peaks, pristine rivers, and cascading waterfalls.
The trek leads to stunning viewpoints, where you can admire the mesmerizing landscapes reminiscent of rubies. It's not just a journey to explore nature's wonders; it's also a chance to celebrate Dashain in a peaceful and secluded location in the shadow of the eighth-highest mountain in the world.
